Study

Publication
Author(s)	Ryff, C.D.
Title	Happiness Is Everything, or Is It? Explorations on the Meaning of Psychological Well-Being.
Source	Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 1989, Vol. 57, 1069 - 1081
Investigation
Public	Adults, USA, 198?
	a: young adult (mean age=19.53, SD=1.57) b: middle aged adults (mean age=49.85, SD=9.35 c: older adults (mean age=74.96, SD=7.11)
	Year of data gathering not reported
Survey name	Not available
Sample	Non-probability purposive-quota sample
	The young adults were contacted through and educational institution, the middle and older adults through community and civic organizations
Respondents N =	321
	a=133, b=108, c= 80 Women=191, Men=129
Non Response	Not available
Assesment	Questionnaire: paper
General remarks	Relatively healthy, well-educated, finacially comfortable respondents
Happiness measure(s) used

Full text	Selfreport on 10 questions: During the past few weeks, did you ever feel ....? (yes/no) A Particularly excited or interested in something? B So restless that you couldn't sit long in a chair? C Proud because someone complimented you on something you had done? D Very lonely or remote from other people? E Pleased about having accomplished something? F Bored? G On top of the world? H Depressed or very unhappy? I That things were going your way? J Upset because someone criticized you? Answer options and scoring: yes = 1 no = 0 Summation: -Positive Affect Score (PAS): A+C+E+G+I -Negative Affect Score (NAS): B+D+F+H+J -Affect Balance Score (ABS): PAS minus NAS Possible range: -5 to +5 Name: Bradburn's 'Affect Balance Scale' (standard version)
Classification	A-BB-cm-mq-v-2-a
Author's label	Affect Balance Scale
Page in publication	1073
Finding used in nation ranks	Yes

Author's label		Our subject description
Age	show	Stage of life
Autonomy	show	Independent
Environmental mastery	show	Inner locus of control
Finance	show	Sufficiency of current income
Gender	show	Sex (male vs female)
Marital status	show	Married state (compared to non-married states)
Personal growth	show	Self-actualization (need for)
Personal growth	show	Self-perceived maturity, also classified as above ↑
Positive relations with others	show	Attitudes to intimates
Positive relations with others	show	Current intimate relationships, also classified as above ↑
Positive relations with others	show	Sociable, also classified as above ↑
Purpose in life	show	Clarity of life-goals
Purpose in life	show	Perceived usefullness of one's life, also classified as above ↑
Self-acceptance	show	Current satisfaction with self
Self-acceptance	show	Current self-evaluation, also classified as above ↑