| Publication |
| Author(s) | Hershfield, H.E.; Scheibe, S.; Sims, T. |
| Title | When Feeling Bad Can Be Good: Mixed Emotions Benefit Physical Health Across Adulthood. |
| Source | Social Psychology and Personal Science, 2013, Vol. 4, 54 - 61 |
| URL | http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3768126/ |
| DOI | DOI: 10.1177/1948550612444616 |
| Investigation |
| Public | Adults, San Francisco Bay Area, USA, followed 10 years 1994-2005. |
| | M age 55. 54% women, 31% African American and 69 % European American. 59% were white collar workers. Ethinicty, gender, and socio-economic status distributed evenly acrosse age. |
| Collect period | 1994 |
| Last collect period | 2005 |
| | 3 waves at 5-year intervals:
Wave 1: 1994-1995
Wave 2: 1998-2000
Wave 3: 2004-2005 |
| Survey name | Unnamed study |
| Sample | Probability simple random sample |
| | Between waves additional participants were recruited to replace those lost to attrition.
Participants from one wave to the next wave were more likely to be European American and to have more years of education.
Total analysis included 312 unique participants, ranging inn age from 18-94. 54 participated in all 3 waves, 87 in 2 waves, and 171 in 1 wave.
There were no differences in the 3 waves between age, gender, socioeconomic status or health. |
| Respondents N = | 184 |
| | T1: n=184 1994-1995
T2: n=193 1998-2000
T3: n=178 2004-2005 |
| Non Response | Not available |
| Assesment | Interview: face-to-face |
| | Participants first completed questionnaires about their health, happiness and cognitive ability. After that participants were given an electronic pager with instructions how to complete the emotion responsse questionnaires, each time they were paged. In the following week participants were paged 5 times a day. Paging times were random selected, but not more than once within a 20 minute interval. At the end of the day participants returned the 5 completed response sets by mail. After that week participants returned to the laboratory for a follow-up interview, after which they were debriefed and paid for their participation. |
| Happiness measure(s) used |