| Publication |
| Author(s) | Hopfensitz, A.; Mantilla, C. |
| Title | Emotional Expressions by Sports Teams: An Analysis of World Cup Soccer Player Portraits. |
| Source | Journal of Economic Psychology, 2018, online |
| URL | https://doi.org/10.1016/j.joep.2018.04.008 |
| Investigation |
| Public | Soccer teams playing in World Cup 1970-2014 |
| | Portraits of soccer players of teams playing in the FIFA World Cup |
| Last assesment | 2014 |
| Survey name | Not a survey study |
| Sample | Non-probability purposive sample |
| | Portraits of individual soccer players of teams participating in World cup tournaments from 1970 through 2014, found in FIFA World Cup Albums |
| Respondents N = | 304 |
| | 4896 portraits of players in 304 teams |
| Non Response | Not available |
| Assesment | Multiple methods |
| | Happiness in facial expression of players measured using Facereader 6 with artificial neural networks technology.
Team performance measured using socces statistics
The dependent variables in this study were the number of goals scored and the number of goals conceded., goal difference and World Cup ranking. |
| Happiness measure(s) used |