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Correlational findings

Study Bjornskov et al. (2008): study ZZ 1997 /1

Public
18+ aged, general public, 70 nations, 1997-2000
Sample
Respondents
N = 87748
Non Response
Assessment
Interview: face-to-face

Correlate

Authors's Label
trade openness, globalization
Our Classification
Remarks
Source: World Bank (2005)
Operationalization
Sum of exports and imports as % of GDP

Observed Relation with Happiness

Happiness Measure Statistics Elaboration / Remarks O-SLW-c-sq-n-10-a = Individual happiness (not average) by openness of economy in one's nation O-SLW-c-sq-n-10-a b = +.00 p < .01 All            (B = +.001) O-SLW-c-sq-n-10-a b = +.00 p < .01 males          (B = +.001) O-SLW-c-sq-n-10-a b = +.00 p < .01 females        (B = +.001) O-SLW-c-sq-n-10-a b = +.00 p < .05 left voters    (B = +.001) O-SLW-c-sq-n-10-a b = +.00 p < .05 right voters   (B = +.001) O-SLW-c-sq-n-10-a b = +.00 p < .01 low income     (B = +.002) O-SLW-c-sq-n-10-a b = +.00 p < .01 middle income  (B = +.001) O-SLW-c-sq-n-10-a Beta = +.00 p < .05 high income     (B = +.001)

Beta's controlled for:

Area-dummies and other economic variables:
- investment price level
- average tariff rate
- income inequality
- GDP per capita
- government consumption
- inflation
- unemployment
- globalization index 1995
- compound growth, 5 years
- growth stability
- top marginal tax rate
- public debt in % GDP
- access to technology

Individual level variables:
- religion
- conservative ideology
- confidence in parliament
- trust most people
- income
- age
- gender
- education
- marital status
- children
- selfemployed
- housewife
- retired
- student
- unemployed
- service attendance (church etc.)
- belief in superior being