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Correlational findings

Study Halman et al. (1987): study ZZ EU 10 1981 /2

Public
18+ aged, general public, EU 10, 1981
Sample
Respondents
N = 12464
Non Response
Assessment
Interview: face-to-face
Highly structured

Correlate

Authors's Label
Sense of control
Our Classification
Related specification variables
Operationalization
Direct question: "Some people think they can control their own lives, others think that what they do doesn't influence what happens to them. Could you indicate on this scale the degree to which you think you can control your life?". Rated on a 10-point scale with higher numbers indicating higher sense of control.

Observed Relation with Happiness

Happiness Measure Statistics Elaboration / Remarks O-SLW-c-sq-n-10-a r = +.34 p < .01 France O-HL-u-sq-v-4-a r = +.28 p < .01 France O-SLW-c-sq-n-10-a r = +.25 p < .01 Great-Britain O-HL-u-sq-v-4-a r = +.25 p < .01 Great-Britain O-HL-u-sq-v-4-a r = +.27 p < .01 West Germany O-SLW-c-sq-n-10-a r = +.35 p < .01 West Germany O-HL-u-sq-v-4-a r = +.19 p < .01 Italy O-SLW-c-sq-n-10-a r = +.23 p < .01 Italy O-HL-u-sq-v-4-a r = +.06 Netherlands O-SLW-c-sq-n-10-a r = +.10 Netherlands O-HL-u-sq-v-4-a r = +.18 p < .01 Denmark O-SLW-c-sq-n-10-a r = +.29 p < .01 Denmark O-SLW-c-sq-n-10-a r = +.32 p < .01 Belgium O-HL-u-sq-v-4-a r = +.23 p < .01 Belgium O-SLW-c-sq-n-10-a r = +.27 p < .01 Spain O-HL-u-sq-v-4-a r = +.23 p < .01 Spain O-SLW-c-sq-n-10-a r = +.34 p < .01 Ireland O-HL-u-sq-v-4-a r = +.28 p < .01 Ireland O-SLW-c-sq-n-10-a r = +.37 p < .01 Northern Ireland O-HL-u-sq-v-4-a r = +.24 p < .01 Northern Ireland O-SLW-c-sq-n-10-a r = +.32 EC

Lineair relation

 O-HL-u-sq-v-4-a r = +.25 EC

Lineair relation

O-HL-u-sq-v-4-a Beta = <.10 In most of the european countries (not for France: ß=+.13, Gr.-Br: ß=+.11 and Spain: ß=+.11) ß weights of this variable reached .10 level in multiple regression analysis, when controlling for: satisfaction(HAPP 2.1), affect (AFF 2.3),
satisfaction with health, income and family life; age, income, education, marital status, having children, work, male sex; urbanisation, type of dwelling, own home, religiousness, social participation; uncertainty about future, expected negative changes in income; satisfaction 5 years in past and future; tolerance, loneliness, misantropy, hopeless about life. O-SLW-c-sq-n-10-a Beta = <.10 In none of the european countries (except for France:ß= +.14 and Denmark: ß= +.11) ß weights of this variable reached .10 level in multiple regression analysis, when controlling for:
satisfaction(HAPP 2.1), affect(AFF 2.3), satisfaction with health, income and family life; age, income, education, marital status, having children, work, male sex; urbanisation, type of dwelling, own home, religiousness, social participation; uncertainty about future, expected negative changes in income; satisfaction 5 years in past and future; tolerance, loneliness, misantropy, hopeless about life.