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Correlational findings

Study Goldsmith & Campos (1990): study US Denver, Colorado

Public
9 months aged, infants, Denver, United States, 198?
Survey name
Unnamed study
Sample
Respondents
N = 168
Non Response
Assessment
Behavioural observation
Twins were assessed with the other twin present in room. Mother & father completed Infant Behavior Questionnaire (IBQ) independently from one another at home.

Correlate

Authors's Label
2-week stability
Our Classification
Distribution
N ranges from 120 to 159
Operationalization
Rating of cheerful appearance in laboratory; 2 assessments with interval of 2 weeks;
The child is (or both twins are) placed in a high chair.
Peekaboo-Game:
On signal from familiar experimenter, th mother holds a cloth between her face and the child's face (just one of the twins). When lowering the cloth she says: "peekaboo" in a playful voice.
Procedure repeted 4 times. Then mother and experiementer changed roles.

Walking Finger Game:
With fingers, Mother walked her fingers up the chair toward the child saying: "I'm going to get you!" in a playful voice. Then she tickles the infant's tummy. This episode coninues for 15min and is assessed two times to each child (for twins alternatingly). Then mother and experimenter changed roles.

Observed Relation with Happiness

Happiness Measure Statistics Elaboration / Remarks A-CA-mi-tsb-v-3-b r = +.55 p < .05 JOY/PLEASURE (broad) A-CA-mi-tsb-v-3-ba r = +.42 p < .05 JOY/SMILING (narrow)
Peekaboo with mother
A-CA-mi-tsb-v-3-ba r = +.37 p < .05 JOY/SMILING (narrow)
Peekaboo with experimenter
A-CA-mi-tsb-v-3-ba r = +.35 p < .05 JOY/SMILING (narrow)
Walking Finger with mother
A-CA-mi-tsb-v-3-ba r = +.20 p < .05 JOY/SMILING (narrow)
Walking Finger with experimenter
A-CA-mi-tsb-v-3-bb r = +.50 p < .05 JOY/Laughter (narrow)
Peekaboo with mother
A-CA-mi-tsb-v-3-bb r = +.50 p < .05 JOY/Laughter (narrow)
Peekaboo with experimenter
A-CA-mi-tsb-v-3-bb r = +.26 p < .05 JOY/Laughter (narrow)
Walking Finger with mother
A-CA-mi-tsb-v-3-bb r = +.46 p < .05 JOY/Laughter (narrow)
Walking Finger with experimenter