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Correlational findings

Study Gehring (2013): study ZZ World samples 1981

Public
18+ aged, 79 countries, 1981-2007
Survey name
INT-WorldValuesSurv 1-5
Sample
Respondents
N = 200000
Non Response
Assessment
Interview: face-to-face

Correlate

Authors's Label
Economic freedom
Our Classification
Remarks
The Economic Freedom of the World Index is published annually by the Fraser Institute (Gwartney, Hall, & Lawson, 2011).
Distribution
M=6,515  SD=1,105
Related specification variables
Operationalization
Fraser Index which consists of five domains:
a: Size of government
b: Legal system and property rights
c: Sound money
d: Freedom to trade internationally
e: Regulation

Observed Relation with Happiness

Happiness Measure Statistics Elaboration / Remarks O-HL-u-sq-v-4-a r = +.54 AVERAGE happiness by economic freedom in 79 nations. O-HL-u-sq-v-4-a b = +.07 p < .01 O-SLW-c-sq-n-10-a r = +.55 O-SLW-c-sq-n-10-a b = +.20 p < .01 O-SLW-c-sq-n-10-a b = +.20 p < .01 Age below median in country. O-SLW-c-sq-n-10-a b = +.22 p < .01 Age above median in country. O-SLW-c-sq-n-10-a b = +.21 p < .01 Females only. O-SLW-c-sq-n-10-a b = +.20 p < .01 Males only. O-SLW-c-sq-n-10-a b = +.18 p < .05 Lower class only (self rating). O-SLW-c-sq-n-10-a b = +.21 p < .01 Upper and middle class only (self rating). O-SLW-c-sq-n-10-a b = +.21 p < .01 Left wing only (self rating). O-SLW-c-sq-n-10-a b = +.19 p < .01 Right wing only (self rating). O-SLW-c-sq-n-10-a b = +.23 p < .05 Poor nations only (GDP per capita is less than $10,500) (N=58) O-SLW-c-sq-n-10-a b = +.11 Rich countries only (GDP per capita is more than $10,500) (N=49) O-HL-u-sq-v-4-a b = +.07 p < .05 Poor nations only (GDP per capita is less than $10,500) (N=58) O-HL-u-sq-v-4-a b = +.01 Rich countries only (GDP per capita is more than $10,500) (N=49) O-SLW-c-sq-n-10-a r = +.51 % VERY HAPPY (top 3 life satisfaction) by economic freedom in 79 nations. O-SLW-c-sq-n-10-a b = +.02 p < .01 O-SLW-c-sq-n-10-a b = +.02 Poor nations only (GDP per capita is less than $10,500) (N=58) O-SLW-c-sq-n-10-a b = +.01 Rich countries only (GDP per capita is more than $10,500) (N=49) O-SLW-c-sq-n-10-a b = +.02 Coefficient of interaction of economic freedom with tolerance towards other people (N=148, 64 countries). O-SLW-c-sq-n-10-a b = -.23 Coefficient of interaction of economic freedom with trust in other people (N=180, 79 countries). O-SLW-c-sq-n-10-a b = +.11 p < .05 Coefficient of interaction of economic freedom with preference for private ownership (vs state ownership) of companies (N=177, 77 countries). O-SLW-c-sq-n-10-a b = +.01 Coefficient of interaction of economic freedom with perception of competition (competition is good, as opposed to being harmful) (N=172, 49 countries). O-SLW-c-sq-n-10-a b = +.02 Coefficient of interaction of economic freedom with virtue of hard work (agreement with the statement, "hard work brings success") (N=171, 70 countries).

b's control for nation characteristics
- social trust
- belief in God
- investment price level
- log GDP per capita
- government share as a percentage of GDP
- regional dummies
- period dummies

b's are for pooled OLS with robust SE. Similar coefficients are obtained for a fixed effects model, random effects model, and an autoregressive (1) random effects model. O-SLW-c-sq-n-10-a =