| Study | Luttmer (2005): study US 1987 |
| Title | Neighbors as Negatives: Relative Earnings and Well-Being. |
| Source | Quarterly Journal of Economics, 2005, 963-1002 |
| URL | http://www.nber.org/~luttmer/relative.pdf |
| Public | 19+ aged couples, United States, followed 6 years, 1987-1994 |
| Sample | Probability multi-stage cluster sample |
| Non-Response | |
| Respondents N = | 8944 |
| Correlate | |
| Author's label | Ln puma earnings |
| Page in Source | Table 1+7+8 |
| Our classification | Income level in vinicity |
| Operationalization | Log everage income in region/neighbourhood as predicted on the basis of period industry and occupation of residence |
| Observed distribution | M:9.824 USD; SD:0.27 USD |
| Remarks | Region/neighbourhood about 100000 individuals |
| Observed Relation with Happiness | ||
| Happiness Measure | Statistics | Elaboration/Remarks |
| O-HL-c-sq-n-7-b | Beta=-.21 p < .05 | Couples Similar results obtaioned in several fixed effects analyssis and in several robustness checks. Beta controlled for: - Household income - Value of home - Renter - Usual working hours - Employment status - Gender - Age - Race - Years of education - Household size - Religion |
| O-HL-c-sq-n-7-b | Beta=-.21 p < .05 | Males only |
| O-HL-c-sq-n-7-b | Beta=-.28 p < .05 | Females only |
| O-HL-c-sq-n-7-b | Beta=-.09 ns | Age <30 |
| O-HL-c-sq-n-7-b | Beta=-.23 p < .05 | Age 30-40 |
| O-HL-c-sq-n-7-b | Beta=-.25 p < .05 | Age 40-60 |
| O-HL-c-sq-n-7-b | Beta=-.23 ns | Age >60 |
| O-HL-c-sq-n-7-b | Beta=-.54 ns | Education level: No education |
| O-HL-c-sq-n-7-b | Beta=-.16 ns | Marital status: widowed |
| O-HL-c-sq-n-7-b | Beta=-.20 ns | Education level: High school dropout |
| O-HL-c-sq-n-7-b | Beta=-.25 p < .05 | Education level: High school degree |
| O-HL-c-sq-n-7-b | Beta=-.10 ns | Education level: some college |
| O-HL-c-sq-n-7-b | Beta=-.20 p < .05 | Education level: college degree or more |
| O-HL-c-sq-n-7-b | Beta=-.20 p < .05 | Marital status: married/cohabiting |
| O-HL-c-sq-n-7-b | Beta=-.39 p < .05 | Marital status: divorced/seperated |
| O-HL-c-sq-n-7-b | Beta=-.12 ns | Marital status: never married |
| O-HL-c-sq-n-7-b | Beta=-.02 ns | Marital status: changed during last year |
| O-HL-c-sq-n-7-b | Beta=-.19 p < .10 | Home ownership: rents |
| O-HL-c-sq-n-7-b | Beta=-.24 p < .05 | Home ownership: owns |
| O-HL-c-sq-n-7-b | Beta=-.21 p < .05 | Presence of children <18: None |
| O-HL-c-sq-n-7-b | Beta=-.21 p < .05 | Presence of children <18: >1 child |
| O-HL-c-sq-n-7-b | Beta=-.21 p < .05 | Lives in current home: <7 years |
| O-HL-c-sq-n-7-b | Beta=-.16 p < .05 | Lives in current home: 7 year of more |
| O-HL-c-sq-n-7-b | Beta=-.41 p < .05 | Lives in current home: duration unknown |
| O-HL-c-sq-n-7-b | Beta=-.12 p < .10 | Socialize with neighbor: Less than once a month/missing |
| O-HL-c-sq-n-7-b | Beta=-.31 p < .05 | Socialize with neighbor: Once a month or more |
| O-HL-c-sq-n-7-b | Beta=-.14 p < .10 | Socialize with relatives: Less than once a month or missing |
| O-HL-c-sq-n-7-b | Beta=-.24 p < .05 | Socialize with relatives: Once a month or more frequently |
| O-HL-c-sq-n-7-b | Beta=-.23 p < .05 | Socialize with friends who live outside the neighborhood: Less than once a month or missing |
| O-HL-c-sq-n-7-b | Beta=-.19 p < .05 | Socialize with friends who live outside the neighborhood: Once a month or more frequently |
| O-HL-c-sq-n-7-b | Beta=-.19 p < .05 | Socialize with people one works with: less than once a month or missing |
| O-HL-c-sq-n-7-b | Beta=-.25 p < .05 | Socialize with people one works with: once a month or more |
| Code | Full Text |
| O-HL-c-sq-n-7-b | Selfreport on single question: Next are some questions about how you see yourself and your life. Taking all things together, how would you say things are these days? 1 very unhappy 2 3 4 5 6 7 very happy |
| Symbol | Explanation |
| Beta | STANDARDIZED REGRESSION COEFFICIENT by LEAST SQUARES (OLS) Type: test statistic. Measurement level: Correlates: all metric, Happiness: metric. Range: [-1 ; +1] Meaning: beta > 0 « a higher correlate level corresponds to a higher happiness rating on average. beta < 0 « a higher correlate level corresponds to a higher happiness rating on average. beta = 0 « no correlation. beta = + 1 or -1 « perfect correlation. |