| Study | Berger (2013): study DE 1994 |
| Title | Happy Working Mothers? Investigating the Effect of Maternal Employment on Life Satisfaction. |
| Source | Economica, 2013, Vol. 80, 23 - 43 |
| URL | http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1111/j.1468-0335.2012.00932.x/abstract |
| DOI | doi:10.1111/j.1468-0335.2012.00932.x |
| Public | Mothers, Germany, followed 15 years, 1994-2009 |
| Sample | Probability multi-stage random |
| Non-Response | |
| Respondents N = | 5150 |
| Correlate | |
| Author's label | Maternal employment |
| Page in Source | table 2 |
| Our classification | Current employment status |
| Operationalization | 3: full-time employed (reference)
2: part-time employed
a: on a long-term basis
b: on a short-term basis
1: unemployed
0: not in labourforce
a: for family reasons
b: for labour market reasons
c: no intention to work
|
| Observed distribution | 3:187%. 2a: 22%,, 2b:15%. 1: 7%, 0a: 22%, 0b:7%, 0c:9% |
| Remarks | Reasons for not working assessed using questions on intentions to engage in paid employment and reasons for no doing that 32364 person/yesr observations |
| Observed Relation with Happiness | ||
| Happiness Measure | Statistics | Elaboration/Remarks |
| O-SLW-c-sq-n-11-d | b-fix=-.10 p < .05 | Not employed (vs full-time) - for family reasons b = -.10(05) similar for: - high/low income - education levels - earlier unmployment stronger for: - poor job opportunities - for labourmarket reasons b = -.15(01) - does not want b = -.02(ns) |
| O-SLW-c-sq-n-11-d | b-fix=-.11 p < .05 | Part-time employed,short-term (vs full-time) similar for: - education levels stronger for: - low income reversed for: - child below age 1 |
| O-SLW-c-sq-n-11-d | b-fix=-.03 ns | Part-time employed, long-term (vs full-time) |
| O-SLW-c-sq-n-11-d | b-fix=-.43 p < .01 | Unemployed (vs full-time) b-fix's controled for: - total household income b-fix's stronger when controled for residual income (household income minus mother's income) All b's further controled for: - age - education - family situation - partnered - age of children - pregnant - person needing care in household - health - disabled - self rated - self-employed (if employed) - region - municipality size - year dummies |
| Code | Full Text |
| O-SLW-c-sq-n-11-d | Selfreport on single question: Taking all things together, how satisfied are you with your life these days? Please answer with the help of this scale. For instance, when you are totally satisfied with your life, please tick '10'. When you are totally unsatisfied with your life, please tick '0'. You may use all values in between to indicate that you are neither totally satisfied nor totally unsatisfied." 10 totally satisfied 9 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 0 totally unsatisfied |
| Symbol | Explanation |
| b-fix | REGRESSION COEFICIENT in fixed effects analysis Type: test statistic WDH symbol: b-fix Primary correlate level: metric Secondary correlate level: nonmetric Happiness level: metric Theoretical range: unlimited Meaning: Variant of usual (non-standardized) regression coefficient (b), which controls for the secondary variables, by focusing on differences from a fixed level, such as the mean in a category. Aims to reduce the residual variance and to improve the precision of the regression coefficient. References: Wikipedia: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fixed_effects_model Non-technical text: http://www.jblumenstock.com/files/courses/econ174/FEModels.pdf |