| Study | Kross et al. (2013): study US 2008 |
| Title | Facebook Use Predicts Declines in Subjective Well-Being in Young Adults. |
| Source | Open Access, 2013, Plos One, Vol. 8, 1 - 7 |
| URL | http://journals.plos.org/plosone/article?id=10.1371/journal.pone.0069841 |
| DOI | DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0069841 |
| Public | Facebook users, Ann Arbor, Michigan, followed 14 days, USA, 2013 |
| Sample | Non-probability purposive sample |
| Non-Response | |
| Respondents N = | 82 |
| Correlate | |
| Author's label | Facebook use |
| Page in Source | Page 3 |
| Our classification | Later internet behaviour |
| Operationalization | Selfreport on single question text-beeped 5 times a day: How much have you used Facebook since the last time we asked? Rated on a sliderscale ranging from 100 very positive : 0 very negative |
| Observed distribution | M = 66,10 SD = 30,48 |
| Remarks | Experience Sampling Method (ESM) Original rating scale ranged from 0 positive to 100 negative and was reversed by WDH team |
| Observed Relation with Happiness | ||
| Happiness Measure | Statistics | Elaboration/Remarks |
| A-AOL-mi-sqr-ol-101-a | r=-.07 ns | AVERAGE Facebook use by average happiness during 14 days. |
| A-AOL-mi-sqr-ol-101-a | b=-.08 p < .0001 | CHANGE happiness following Facebook use T2 Facebook use by T2 happiness, controling T1 happiness. The more people use facebook the less happier they felt. |
| A-AOL-mi-sqr-ol-101-a | b=+.01 ns | T1 happiness by T1-T2 facebook use. Happiness does not predict facebook use. |
| A-AOL-mi-sqr-ol-101-a | ||
| Code | Full Text |
| A-AOL-mi-sqr-ol-101-a | Selfreport on single question text messaged 5 times a day How do you feel right now? 0 very positive : : : : 100 very negative |
| Symbol | Explanation |
| b | REGRESSION COEFFICIENT (non-standardized) by LEAST SQUARES (OLS) Type: test statistic Measurement level: Correlate: metric, Happiness: metric Theoretical range: unlimited Meaning: b > 0 A higher correlate level corresponds with a higher happiness rating on average. B < 0 A higher correlate level corresponds with a lower happiness rating on average. B = 0 Not any correlation with the relevant correlate. |
| r | PRODUCT-MOMENT CORRELATION COEFFICIENT (Also "Pearson's correlation coefficient' or simply 'correlation coefficient') Type: test statistic. Measurement level: Correlate: metric, Happiness: metric Range: [-1; +1] Meaning: r = 0 « no correlation , r = 1 « perfect correlation, where high correlate values correspond with high happiness values, and r = -1 « perfect correlation, where high correlate values correspond with low happiness values. |