| Study | Layous et al. (2018): study US 2014 |
| Title | Reframing the Ordinary: Imaging Time as Scarce Increases in Wellbeing |
| Source | The Journal of Positive Psychology, 2018, Vol 13, 301 - 308 |
| DOI | DOI: doi.org/10.1080/17439760.2017.127910 |
| Public | Students participating in happiness training, USA, 2014 |
| Sample | Non-probability self-selected |
| Non-Response | |
| Respondents N = | 139 |
| Correlate | |
| Author's label | Time Scarcety Intervention |
| Page in Source | 303 |
| Our classification | Actual changes in happiness |
| Operationalization | Participants were randomly assigned to: 1. TIME SCARCETY INTERVENTION. Participants were asked to imagine that they were moving from their college town in one month. They were advised to do all the the things they are going to miss during this month. Each week they wrote on the website what they did, with whom the spent time and what thoughts and emotions they experienced. 0. CONTROL GROUP. During 4 weeks participants were asked to write each week on their daily activities |
| Observed distribution | 1: n = 70, 0: n = 69 |
| Observed Relation with Happiness | ||
| Happiness Measure | Statistics | Elaboration/Remarks |
| M-ACO-cw-mq-v-3-a | DMs=+.24 | Happiness LEVEL CHANGE
T1 T2 T3 T3-T1
Interventon -0.11 +0.070 +0.35 +0.46
Control -0.05 -0.002 +0.17 +0.22
- DIFFERENCE +0.06 +0.068 +0.18 +0.24
|
| M-ACO-cw-mq-v-3-a | d=+.25 p < .05 | Intervention 0.46 Controls 0.21 - DIFFERENCE +0.25 Effect post-intervention Happiness assessed at: T1 pre-intervention T2 post-4 week intervention T3 after 2 weeks follow-up |
| Code | Full Text |
| M-ACO-cw-mq-v-3-a | Selfreport on 24 questions A Indicate your agreement with the following statements Aa In most ways my life is close to ideal Ab The conditions of my life are excellent Ac I am satisfied with my life Ad So far, I have gotten the important things I want in life Ae If I could live my life over again, I would change nothing B ; Today I felt. Ba joyful Bb grateful Bc amused Bd content Be proud Bf awed Bg loving Bh hopeful Bi interested Bj angry Bk sad Bl afraid Bm ashamed Bn contemptuous Bo embarrassed Bp guilty Bq disgusted Rating scales not reported Computation: A and b standardized and summed A is Diener's Satisfaction with life Scale SWLS B is Fredrickson's modified Differential Emotions Scale mDES Rated 1 very slight, or not at all 2 little 3 moderate 4 quite a bit 5 extreme Computation: (A to I)/9 - (J to Q)/8 Name: Fredrickson et. al (2003) Differential Emotions Scale (mDES), Today version |
| Symbol | Explanation |
| d | Cohen's COEFFICIENT FOR GROUP DIFFERENCES. Also called EFFECT SIZE Type: descriptive statistic only Measurement level: Correlate : dichotomous, Happiness level: metric Theoretical range: unlimited. Meaning: effect size indicator for difference of means. Formula: Cohen's d = (M2 - M1) ? SDpooled SDpooled = ?((SD1^2 + SD2^2) ? 2) |
| DMs | STANDARDIZED DIFFERENCE of MEANS (CRITICAL RATIO) Type: test statistic. Measurement level: Correlate: dichotomous, Happiness: metric Theoretical range: unlimited Meaning: DMs is the ratio of the difference of the, either untransformed or transformed, means and its standard error. |